{"id":670,"date":"2022-11-11T10:52:42","date_gmt":"2022-11-11T10:52:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/?p=670"},"modified":"2023-01-28T01:39:34","modified_gmt":"2023-01-28T01:39:34","slug":"liv-merete-nielsen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/2022\/11\/11\/liv-merete-nielsen\/","title":{"rendered":"Longer lasting garment\u00a0\u2013 local design literacy in perspective of consumptionLiv Merete Nielsen"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Liv Merete Nielsen<\/em><\/strong>
Oslo Metropolitan University
Oslo, Norway<\/p>\n\n\n\n

livmn@oslomet.no<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Household consumption has an impact on the environment. The production and use of products and services consumed by households is contributing to more than 60% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and between 50% and 80% of total land, material, and water use. The footprints are distributed across regions, with wealthier countries generating the most significant impacts per capita (Ivanova et al., 2015). Ivanova and her team points at a robust and significant relationship between households\u2019 expenditure and their environ- mental impacts, driven by a rising demand of nonprimary consumption items. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Both food and clothing are closely connected to individual decisions in everyday life. Discussions on food in perspective of self-sufficiency have increased after the covid pandemic and the war in Ukraine, as Norway is dependent on import of around 50% of the consumed food (FAO,2022). It is obvious that self-sufficiency of food has to be improved in perspective of coming crisis. The clothing industry represents another challenge, as production, transport over long distances and disposal of garments have a negative impact on the environment. The garment industry contributes to about 8% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) (Quantis, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For inhabitants in wealthy countries, reflection upon consumption beyond primary needs, has ethic aspects. In this article I will discuss if design education in schools has any possibilities to break some of the cultural patterns of garment consumption in Norway. National resources and industry will, together with policy documents, national curriculum and research, form the base for my discussion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cold climate in Norway does not permit growing of textile resources, like cotton. Earlier linen was grown in a small scale, and the great amount of spruce has made production of viscose possible. The climate for production of wool, leather and fur is good, but this is a resource with unused potentials (Klepp et al., 2019). Norwegian textile industry is today minimised and the few, new or still in business, are exclusive. Most garments are today imported from low-cost countries. A question to discuss is if repair and maintenance of garment will have any impact on consumption of garment from low-cost countries. An awareness of garment impact on the environment is a part of such a discussion. A design literate general public might prefer to buy garments of high quality instead of cheap fast fashion, as longer lasting products are a brick in perspective of building a sustainable and greener future (Nielsen & Br\u00e6nne, 2013). 
Younger generations\u2019 awareness is however an important brick in changing western consumer culture in a greener direction. We can see a culture change where people gather for local<\/em> \u2018repair caf\u00e9\u2019, trading of second-hand clothing or visible mending. Political regulations are however missing for giving such local initiatives economic balance. Sweden has already reduced economic taxes on repair, this has not yet been done in Norway. Formulations in the national curriculum for Art and crafts<\/em> (LK2020) might contribute to make young students design literate, and thereby build their cognitive and practical skills and knowledge to become responsible consumers in perspective of environmental impacts\u2013now and in future.  This a heavy burden to hang upon young student shoulders. A balance between political regulations and a design literate general public might however contribute to real change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

FAO (2022). The state of food security and nutrition in the world. Repurposing food and agricultural to make healthy diets more affordable<\/em>. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/cc0639en\/cc0639en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ivanova, D., Stadler, K., Steen-Olsen, K., Wood, R., Vita, G., Tukker, A., & Hertwich, E. G. (2015). Environmental Impact Assessment of Household Consumption. Journal of Industrial Ecology<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/doi:10.1111\/jiec.12371<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klepp, I. G., Tobiasson, T. S., Haugr\u00f8nning, V., Vitters\u00f8, G., Gr\u00f8va, L., Kvingedal, T., Espelien, I., & Kubber\u00f8d, E. (2019). KRUS final report: Enhancing local value chains in Norway<\/em>. https:\/\/oda.oslomet.no\/oda-xmlui\/handle\/20.500.12199\/2906<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

LK20. Curriculum for Art and crafts<\/em>. (2020). https:\/\/www.udir.no\/lk20\/khv01-02?lang=eng<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nielsen, L. M., & Br\u00e6nne, K. (2013). Design literacy for longer-lasting products. Studies in Material Thinking<\/em>, 9<\/em>, 1-9. https:\/\/www.materialthinking.org\/sites\/default\/files\/papers\/SMT_V9_07_KarenBraenne_LivNielsen_0.pdf<\/a>Quantis. (2018). Measuring Fashion: Insights from the Environmental Impact of the Global Apparel and Footwear Industries<\/em>. https:\/\/quantis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/measuringfashion_globalimpactstudy_full-report_quantis_cwf_2018a.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Liv<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Liv Merete Nielsen <\/strong>is professor emerita at OsloMet. She is educated classroom teacher from Oslo and design teacher from Konstfack university college of arts crafts and design in Stockholm. She holds her PhD from Oslo School of Architecture (AHO)<\/a>. Her research interest is design education from kindergarten to PhD. She is one of the founders of the Design Literacy International Network (DLIN)<\/a> and a member of the convener group in DRS\u2019s Design Education Special Group (EdSIG)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

back to the Symposium Programme<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Younger generations\u2019 awareness is an important brick in changing western consumer culture in a greener direction. We can see a culture change where people gather for\u00a0local\u00a0\u2018repair caf\u00e9\u2019, trading of second-hand clothing or visible mending. Political regulations are however missing for giving such local initiatives economic balance. Sweden has already reduced economic taxes on repair, this has not yet been done in Norway. Formulations in the national curriculum for\u00a0Art and crafts\u00a0(LK2020) might contribute to make young students design literate, and thereby build their cognitive and practical skills and knowledge to become responsible consumers in perspective of environmental impacts\u2013now and in future.\u00a0 This a heavy burden to hang upon young student shoulders. A balance between political regulations and a design literate general public might however contribute to real change.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":799,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"enable","ocean_disable_heading":"on","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[25],"class_list":["post-670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abstracts","tag-liv-merete-nielsen","entry","has-media"],"modified_by":"Erik Bohemia","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=670"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/670\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/designliteracy.net\/symposia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}